The Role of Solar Tracker Controller in a PV Tracking System
In a photovoltaic (PV) tracking system, the Solar Tracker Controller serves as the core intelligence of the entire system.
It determines the optimal position of the solar panels based on time, date, and location, and continuously adjusts the tracking structure to ensure the panels face the sun at the best possible angle throughout the day.
By doing so, it maximizes solar energy capture and improves overall power generation efficiency—typically increasing energy yield by 10%–25% compared with fixed installations.
System Architecture: TCU and NCU
A modern solar tracking control system is usually composed of two coordinated units: the TCU (Tracker Control Unit) and the NCU (Network Control Unit).
Figure 1: GF NCU and GF TCU.
1. TCU — Tracker Control Unit (Local Field Controller)
The TCU is installed directly on each independent tracker row or array.
It is responsible for executing tracking commands, controlling movement, and monitoring real-time operation status.
Figure 2: GF Solar tracker controller GF-S-V2.
Astronomical Calculation
Uses latitude, longitude, and time parameters to calculate the sun’s azimuth and elevation with high accuracy.
Motor & Actuator Control
Sends precise commands to motors and actuators to adjust the tilt and rotation angles of the tracker structure.
Sensor Feedback & Safety Protection
Collects data from angle sensors, current sensors, and limit switches to ensure safe operation.
Automatically switches to “stow position” during high wind, storm, or fault conditions.
Algorithm Execution
Runs tracking algorithms such as astronomical tracking and 3D backtracking, minimizing shading loss and optimizing energy output.
Local Data Storage & Diagnostics
Logs key performance data for on-site diagnostics and maintenance.
In essence, the TCU acts as the local brain of each tracker row, responsible for accurate motion control and local decision-making.
It coordinates all TCUs within the field and connects them to higher-level monitoring systems or cloud platforms.
It is responsible for executing tracking commands, controlling movement, and monitoring real-time operation status.
Key Functions:
Astronomical Calculation
Uses latitude, longitude, and time parameters to calculate the sun’s azimuth and elevation with high accuracy.
Motor & Actuator Control
Sends precise commands to motors and actuators to adjust the tilt and rotation angles of the tracker structure.
Sensor Feedback & Safety Protection
Collects data from angle sensors, current sensors, and limit switches to ensure safe operation.
Automatically switches to “stow position” during high wind, storm, or fault conditions.
Algorithm Execution
Runs tracking algorithms such as astronomical tracking and 3D backtracking, minimizing shading loss and optimizing energy output.
Local Data Storage & Diagnostics
Logs key performance data for on-site diagnostics and maintenance.
In essence, the TCU acts as the local brain of each tracker row, responsible for accurate motion control and local decision-making.
2. NCU — Network Control Unit (Central Supervisory Controller)
The NCU serves as the central management and communication hub for the entire solar farm.It coordinates all TCUs within the field and connects them to higher-level monitoring systems or cloud platforms.
Figure 3: GF Network communication unit GF-NCU-V1.
Key Functions:
Centralized Management
Oversees multiple TCUs, collects real-time operational data, and ensures synchronization across the entire array field.
Communication Gateway
Supports multiple communication protocols such as RS485, CAN, LoRa, Ethernet, and 4G/5G, ensuring stable and long-distance communication.
Remote Monitoring & Control
Integrates with SCADA or cloud systems for remote data visualization, parameter configuration, and firmware updates.
Intelligent Control Strategy
Distributes wind-speed protection commands, weather-based adjustments, and emergency stop instructions to TCUs.
System Diagnostics & Alarm Management
Detects abnormal signals and automatically generates alarms or maintenance alerts.
Simply put, the NCU is the command center that manages, monitors, and optimizes the performance of all TCUs across the solar tracking field.
How the System Works Together
The NCU receive all signals (such as wind sensor and snow sensor), then transmits specific commands to each TCU via the communication network.
Each TCU executes localized movement control for its tracker row, based on the received commands and local sensor data.
The NCU collects performance and status feedback from all TCUs and uploads the data to the cloud platform.
Operators can then monitor and adjust the system remotely, ensuring continuous optimization of solar generation.
Figure 4: Operator monitor and adjust the system remotely, ensuring continuous optimization of solar generation.
Integration and Cloud Connectivity
Modern solar tracker controllers, such as GF Solar Tracker Controller, are often equipped with built-in 4G modules and cloud platforms.
This enables real-time data visualization, performance analysis, and predictive maintenance.
Position within the PV Power Generation System
| Component | Main Function | Analogy |
| PV Modules | Convert sunlight into electricity | “Power Generators” |
| Tracker Structure | Support and rotate PV modules | “Bones & Muscles” |
| TCU + NCU Controller System | Calculation, coordination, decision-making | “Brain & Nervous System” |
| Inverter | Convert DC power into AC and connect to the grid | “Energy Dispatcher” |
| Cloud Platform | Remote monitoring, data storage, and optimization | “Control Center in the Cloud” |
Contact us
The Solar Tracker Controller—composed of TCU and NCU—is the intelligence core that transforms a mechanical tracker into a smart, responsive, and reliable solar system.
By combining precise algorithms, real-time sensing, and networked control, it ensures:
-Optimal solar tracking throughout the day
-High energy yield and efficiency
-Safe operation under all weather conditions
-Full connectivity for remote monitoring and management
info@gfnewenergy.com or info@gfdamper.com.